Skip to main content

Bioinstrumentation EKG


            Electrocardiograms (EKG or ECG) are utilized by doctors and surgeons to measure the electrical activity of the heart. Electrocardiography is the process of recording the electrical activity of the heart using electrodes placed on the skin (Goldberger, Goldberger & Shvilkin, 2017). Our hearts are polarized when at rest due to excess of sodium ions outside the membrane, which correlates to a resting potential of about 90 mV. Muscle stimulation tends to enhance the permeability of the membranes to the sodium ions. The entry of the sodium ions to the membrane affects the electrical field around the muscular cells thereby causing an action potential and muscle contraction (D’Souza et al., 2014). The ions such as potassium, calcium, and chlorine are also involved in the process and the electrodes placed on the skin surface record a sum of the action potentials. The signal generated is graphed in the form of an electrocardiogram (EKG) to show cardiac electric potential. There can be various deflections in the EKG waveforms corresponding to the contraction of various areas of the heart (Muhrbeck, Persson & Hofman-Bang, 2018). Each of the cycles made is represented by a P wave, a GRS complex, and a T wave. P wave is the analogy for the depolarization of the atria, and the QRS complex represents the depolarization of the ventricles. T wave correspond the re-polarization of the ventricles as shown in the figure below. 



            The purpose of the lab is to find out the changes in heart rate between resting and after physical activity through the measurement of the QRS interval, P-R interval, and Q-T interval (electrical activities) and the average resting maximum amplitude and heart rate. The information generated from the lab report will be essential to future practice using electrocardiography.    


References
D’Souza, A., Bucchi, A., Johnsen, A. B., Logantha, S. J. R., Monfredi, O., Yanni, J., ... & Dobryznski, H. (2014). Exercise training reduces resting heart rate via downregulation of the funny channel HCN4: Nature communications, 5, 3775
Goldberger, A. L., Goldberger, Z. D., & Shvilkin, A. (2017). Clinical Electrocardiography: A Simplified Approach E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences
Muhrbeck, J., Persson, J., & Hofman-Bang, C. (2018). Catheterization laboratory activations and time intervals for patients with pre-hospital ECGs: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal, 1-6.




Sherry Roberts is the author of this paper. A senior editor at MeldaResearch.Com in legitimate custom writing services Texas. If you need a similar paper you can place your order from research paper writing service Florida services.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

US health system compared to Australia’s health system

Introduction The healthcare in the United States is a mixture of funding that takes place by the private sector and public sector; it does not have a provision for a single entity. Both sectors regard the health system in the US as being of high quality though everything comes with its advantages and disadvantages. Australia on the other hand also has the provision of health care services via a partnership between the federal, territory governments and the state. It currently enjoys a high-level health status. In Australia as well, not all citizens are enjoying good health care as there are discrepancies between the people of different status. The paper compares the US health care system with that of Australia and highlights how Australia is able to deliver similar services as those of US, or better services at lower costs. US health system US spends trillions in health care and from the research in 2009, the US spent $2.5 trillion on the health care. It has two health ca...
Post a Comment
Read more

Norm Violation

The norm I choose to violate in my norm violation assignment is eating with my mouth wide open and producing sounds as I chew. Eating with your mouth open and producing sound is considered deviant behavior I decided to break this norm in one of the restaurants in Minnesota. After the church service, I went to the restaurant with some of my friends from the church youth group for a meal ensuring that I did not inform them of my assignment. Ensuring that I was the only person knowing about the assignment was the best way to receive the most genuine reaction from my friends. The moment I arrived the restaurant I immediately notice a number of social norms being followed by every customer at the restaurant. They were all well groomed, eating appropriately. Everyone eating at the restaurant had a napkin on their lap and ate using silverware. The moment we walked the restaurant we had already broken some minor folkways since we were all dressed like college students. The impressio...
Post a Comment
Read more

Excessive use of power

Introduction In the politics of social sciences, power refers to the ability bestowed some people and which allows the influence or control the behavior of people of a larger group   (Daft, 2014). In the same context, the term "authority" applies where it is used to refer to the power perceived as legitimate in the social scenery. Though in social contexts power is seen as evil or unjust, the exercise of power is acceptable and defined as endemic to humans as social beings (Sullivan & Gray, 2008). In various setups such as in business, power follows a downward direction that implies that the superior is in charge of influencing the subordinates. Various leaders apply different methods and styles of the rule. While some may get devoted to democratic methods, others become exotic and apply a demanding style that also involves inflicting some fear to their subjects. Excessive use of power has been poised in some leadership aspects of even the modern generation. Excessi...
Post a Comment
Read more